Learning Difficulties Assessments
At Inner Transformations Psychology, we offer comprehensive assessments for learning difficulties based on DSM-5 criteria. Our evaluations focus on identifying specific challenges in areas such as reading (dyslexia), writing, and mathematics (dyscalculia), assessing cognitive factors like processing speed, attention, memory, language, and executive functioning.
We use standardized tools and neurodiversity-affirming practices to determine whether learning difficulties are significantly below expected levels for age, education, and ability. The assessment also considers the impact on academic, work, and daily functioning.
With input from relevant stakeholders (e.g., parents, teachers), our approach provides a clear understanding of an individual’s learning profile, leading to personalized recommendations for interventions, accommodations, and support strategies to help them reach their full potential.
Questionnaires Sent Prior to and During the Initial Assessment
To gather comprehensive background information, several questionnaires will be sent to the client, parent/carer, and relevant individuals (e.g., teacher) as appropriate. These questionnaires are designed to collect detailed information on various aspects of behavior, emotional functioning, and developmental history and learning history, and are used to inform the assessment process.
Questionnaires may include:
Background Information Questionnaire: Collects developmental and relevant family history.
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-2/BRIEF-A): Assesses executive functioning and self-regulation in daily life.
Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-3): Evaluates behavioral and emotional functioning.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Assesses a range of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents.
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Vineland-3): Assesses adaptive behaviors, such as communication, daily living skills, and socialization.
Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3): Evaluates functional skills necessary for independent living.
Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS): Identifies symptoms of ADHD in adults.
Session 1: Initial Interview (90 minutes)
The initial interview involves a thorough exploration of the client's background and current functioning, with a focus on areas that may impact learning. Key areas of discussion include developmental milestones, medical history, educational experiences, social interactions, behavioral patterns (past and present), and any relevant psychiatric history. With the client’s consent, additional information may be gathered from a family member, caregiver, or close friend through questionnaires, providing a more complete understanding of the individual’s challenges and needs.
For children and adolescents, it is essential that a parent or caregiver attend the initial interview. This ensures that accurate, detailed information about the young person’s history, learning experiences, and current needs is captured, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment and better support planning.
Session 2: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) / Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) 120 minutes
This session involves a formal cognitive and psychometric assessment to evaluate a wide range of intellectual abilities and cognitive functions that can impact learning. The assessment measures verbal skills such as language comprehension and reasoning, as well as non-verbal skills like visual-spatial problem solving. It also evaluates working memory, processing speed, and sustained attention (both visual and auditory), which are critical for academic performance.
Children and Adolescents (<17 years): The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) is administered.
Adults (17+ years): The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) is administered.
Session 3: The Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT) - III
The WIAT - III is a comprehensive assessment tool used to evaluate academic skills and learning abilities in individuals. It measures a wide range of academic areas, including reading, mathematics, written expression, and oral language. The WIAT helps to identify specific learning difficulties by assessing how well an individual performs in these key areas compared to their peers.
By providing a detailed picture of an individual's academic strengths and challenges, the WIAT helps pinpoint areas where support or intervention may be needed. This assessment is an essential part of understanding learning difficulties, guiding appropriate educational strategies, and informing targeted interventions to improve academic performance.
Session 4: Developmental Interview (90 minutes)
As part of the learning difficulties assessment, this interview with parents or caregivers explores key areas such as developmental milestones, educational history, behavioral patterns, and medical or family influences. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the child’s challenges and strengths, guiding accurate diagnosis and tailored support strategies.
Report Writing
Following the assessment, a comprehensive report will be prepared, which typically takes 3-4 weeks. This process involves 1-2 hours of scoring and thorough data analysis, followed by 3-4 hours of report writing. The final report will include a detailed summary of the assessment results, along with evidence-based recommendations tailored to the individual’s specific needs and goals. These recommendations may cover areas such as treatment, support services, and strategies for improvement in key areas of functioning. The report aims to provide valuable insights for ongoing care and development.
Session 5: Feedback Session (50 minutes)
During the feedback session, your Clinical Psychologist will review and discuss the results of the assessment and the written report. This is an opportunity to explore the interpretations of the findings together, address any questions or concerns you (or the parent/carer, if applicable) may have, and ensure a clear understanding of the recommendations. The psychologist will guide you through the key insights and help you navigate the next steps, offering support and resources along the way to ensure a positive and informed journey forward.